Jan 27, 2012 Question: Q: how to go back to mac after installing windows i installed windows 7 in my mac successfully, now my problem is i don't know how to go back to mac. Everytime i start, it automatically run windows, can somebody help me? Command-Option-Esc to Force Quit. Think of it as the Control-Alt-Delete for Macs. If an app is not responding, press Command-Option-Esc to call up the Force Quit Applications window. The command line—that hidden world of code behind your Mac’s pretty face—sometimes offers a quicker way to do everyday tasks, plus it’s just a cool way to establish your tech cred.
The Terminal app allows you to control your Mac using a command prompt. Why would you want to do that? Well, perhaps because you’re used to working on a command line in a Unix-based system and prefer to work that way. Terminal is a Mac command line interface. There are several advantages to using Terminal to accomplish some tasks — it’s usually quicker, for example. In order to use it, however, you’ll need to get to grips with its basic commands and functions. Once you’ve done that, you can dig deeper and learn more commands and use your Mac’s command prompt for more complex, as well as some fun, tasks.
MacOS Recovery (often referred to as Mac Recovery Mode) was introduced back in 2010 with OS X 10.7 Lion. This Recovery HD partition contains the latest version of the macOS you installed on your.
Curated Mac apps that keep your Mac’s performance under control. Avoid Terminal commands, avoid trouble.
Download FreeHow to open Terminal on Mac
The Terminal app is in the Utilities folder in Applications. To open it, either open your Applications folder, then open Utilities and double-click on Terminal, or press Command - spacebar to launch Spotlight and type 'Terminal,' then double-click the search result.
You’ll see a small window with a white background open on your desktop. In the title bar are your username, the word 'bash' and the dimensions of the window in pixels. Bash stands for 'Bourne again shell'. There are a number of different shells that can run Unix commands, and on the Mac Bash is the one used by Terminal.
If you want to make the window bigger, click on the bottom right corner and drag it outwards. If you don’t like the black text on a white background, go to the Shell menu, choose New Window and select from the options in the list.
If Terminal feels complicated or you have issues with the set-up, let us tell you right away that there are alternatives. MacPilot allows to get access to over 1,200 macOS features without memorizing any commands. Basically, a third-party Terminal for Mac that acts like Finder.
For Mac monitoring features, try iStat Menus. The app collects data like CPU load, disk activity, network usage, and more — all of which accessible from your menu bar.
Basic Mac commands in Terminal
The quickest way to get to know Terminal and understand how it works is to start using it. But before we do that, it’s worth spending a little time getting to know how commands work. To run a command, you just type it at the cursor and hit Return to execute.
Every command is made up of three elements: the command itself, an argument which tells the command what resource it should operate on, and an option that modifies the output. So, for example, to move a file from one folder to another on your Mac, you’d use the move command 'mv' and then type the location of the file you want to move, including the file name and the location where you want to move it to.
Let’s try it.
- Type cd ~/Documentsthen and press Return to navigate to your Home folder.
- Type lsthen Return (you type Return after every command).
You should now see a list of all the files in your Documents folder — ls is the command for listing files.
To see a list of all the commands available in Terminal, hold down the Escape key and then press y when you see a question asking if you want to see all the possibilities. To see more commands, press Return.
Unix has its own built-in manual. So, to learn more about a command type man [name of command], where 'command' is the name of the command you want find out more about.
Terminal rules
There are a few things you need to bear in mind when you’re typing commands in Terminal, or any other command-line tool. Firstly, every character matters, including spaces. So when you’re copying a command you see here, make sure you include the spaces and that characters are in the correct case.
You can’t use a mouse or trackpad in Terminal, but you can navigate using the arrow keys. If you want to re-run a command, tap the up arrow key until you reach it, then press Return. To interrupt a command that’s already running, type Control-C.
![Mac Mac](https://images.techhive.com/images/article/2013/02/3-ubuntu-unity-windows-7-theme-100026229-large.png)
Commands are always executed in the current location. So, if you don’t specify a location in the command, it will run wherever you last moved to or where the last command was run. Use the cdcommand, followed by a directory path, like in Step 1 above, to specify the folder where you want a command to run.
There is another way to specify a location: go to the Finder, navigate to the file or folder you want and drag it onto the Terminal window, with the cursor at the point where you would have typed the path.
Here’s another example. This time, we’ll create a new folder inside your Documents directory and call it 'TerminalTest.'
- Open a Finder window and navigate to your Documents folder.
- Type cd and drag the Documents folder onto the Terminal window.
- Now, type mkdir 'TerminalTest'
Go back to the Finder, open Text Edit and create a new file called 'TerminalTestFile.rtf'. Now save it to the TerminalTest folder in your Documents folder.
In the Terminal window, type cd ~/Documents/TerminalTest then Return. Now type lsand you should see 'TerminalTestFile' listed.
To change the name of the file, type this, pressing Return after every step:
- cd~/Documents/Terminal Test
- mv TerminalTestFile TerminalTestFile2.rtf
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That will change the name of the file to 'TerminalTestFile2'. You can, of course, use any name you like. The mv command means 'move' and you can also use it to move files from one directory to another. In that case, you’d keep the file names the same, but specify another directory before typing the the second instance of the name, like this:
mv ~/Documents/TerminalTest TerminalTestFile.rtf ~/Documents/TerminalTest2 TerminalTestFile.rtf
More advanced Terminal commands
Terminal can be used for all sorts of different tasks. Some of them can be performed in the Finder, but are quicker in Terminal. Others access deep-rooted parts of macOS that aren’t accessible from the Finder without specialist applications. Here are a few examples.
Copy files from one folder to another
- In a Terminal window, type ditto [folder 1] [folder 1] where 'folder 1' is the folder that hosts the files and 'folder 2' is the folder you want to move them to.
- To see the files being copied in the Terminal window, type -v after the command.
Download files from the internet
You’ll need the URL of the file you want to download in order to use Terminal for this.
- cd ~/Downloads/
- curl -O [URL of file you want to download]
If you want to download the file to a directory other than your Downloads folder, replace ~/Downloads/ with the path to that folder, or drag it onto the Terminal window after you type the cd command.
Change the default location for screenshots
If you don’t want macOS to save screenshots to your Desktop when you press Command-Shift-3, you can change the default location in Terminal
- defaults write com.apple.screencapture location [path to folder where you want screenshots to be saved]
- Hit Return
- killall SystemUIServer
- Hit Return
Change the default file type for screenshots
By default, macOS saves screenshots as .png files. To change that to .jpg, do this:
- defaults write com.apple.screencapture type JPG
- Press Return
- killall SystemUIServer
- Press Return
Delete all files in a folder
The command used to delete, or remove, files in Terminal is rm. So, for example, if you wanted to remove a file in your Documents folder named 'oldfile.rtf' you’d use cd ~/Documents to go to your Documents folder then to delete the file. As it stands, that will delete the file without further intervention from you. If you want to confirm the file to be deleted, use -i as in rm -i oldfile.rtf
To delete all the files and sub-folders in a directory named 'oldfolder', the command is rm -R oldfolder and to confirm each file should be deleted, rm -iR oldfolder
![Put Back Command Mac Put Back Command Mac](https://www.computerhope.com/cdn/keyboard/caps-lock.jpg)
Just because you can use Terminal to delete files on your Mac, doesn’t mean you should. It’s a relatively blunt instrument, deleting only those files and folders you specify.
Another way to free up space
If your goal in removing files or folders is to free up space on your Mac, or to remove junk files that are causing your Mac to run slowly, it’s far better to use an app designed for the purpose. CleanMyMac X is one such app.
It will scan your Mac for files and recommend which ones you can delete safely, as well as telling you how much space you’ll save. And once you’ve decided which files to delete, you can get rid of them in a click. You can download CleanMyMac here.
As you can see, while Terminal may look scary and seem like it’s difficult to use, it really isn’t. The key is learning a few commands, such as those we’ve outlined above, and getting to know the syntax for those commands.
However, you should be careful when using Terminal, it’s a powerful tool that has deep access to your Mac’s system files. Check commands by googling them if you’re not sure what they do. And if you need to delete files to save space, use an app like CleanMyMac X to do it. It’s much safer!
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Safari User Guide
Here are shortcuts you can use, in addition to those that appear in Safari menus.
Webpages
Action | Shortcut or gesture |
---|---|
Scroll up, down, left, or right | Press the arrow keys. |
Scroll in larger increments | Press Option while you press an arrow key. |
Scroll down a screen | Page Down Space bar |
Scroll up a screen | Page Up Shift–Space bar |
Scroll to the top-left or bottom-left corner of the page | Command–Up Arrow or Home Command–Down Arrow or End |
Highlight the next item on a webpage | Tab highlights the next text field or pop-up menu. Tab also highlights buttons and other controls if “Use keyboard navigation to move focus between controls” is selected in the Shortcuts pane of the Keyboard pane of System Preferences. Option-Tab highlights the same items as Tab plus all other clickable items. To swap the behavior of Tab and Option-Tab, turn on “Press Tab to highlight each item on a webpage” in the Advanced pane of Safari preferences. |
Show all tabs | Shift-Command- |
Open a page in a new tab | Command-click a link Command-click a bookmark Command-Return after typing in the Smart Search field. |
Open a page in a new tab, and make that tab the active tab | Shift-Command-click a link Shift-Command-click a bookmark Shift-Command-Return after typing in the Smart Search field. |
Make the next tab the active tab | Control-Tab or Shift-Command-] |
Make the previous tab the active tab | Control-Shift-Tab or Shift-Command -[ |
Select one of your first nine tabs | Command-1 to Command-9 |
Close all tabs except for one | Option-click the Close button on the tab you want to leave open |
Reopen the last tab or window you closed | Shift-Command-T |
See a list of your recently visited pages by name | Hold down the Back or Forward button until the list appears |
See a list of your recently visited pages by web address (URL) | Press Option and hold down the Back or Forward button until the list appears |
Go to your homepage | Command-Home key |
While typing in the Smart Search field, restore the current webpage address | Esc |
Close Reader | Playr 2 0. Esc |
Exit full-screen view | Esc |
Download a linked file | Option-click a link to the file |
Open a downloaded file | Double-click the file in the downloads list |
Zoom website content | Press Command-Plus Sign (+) or Command-Minus Sign (-) |
Zoom website text | Press Option while you choose View > Make Text Bigger or View > Make Text Smaller |
Reading List
Action | Shortcut or gesture |
---|---|
Show or Hide the Reading List sidebar | Control-Command-2 |
Add the current page | Shift-Command-D |
Add a linked page | Shift-click a link to the page |
Remove a page | Control-click the page summary in the sidebar, then choose Remove Item. You can also swipe left over the page summary, then click Remove. Or, swipe all the way to the left until the page summary disappears. |
Bookmarks
Mac Command Line
Action | Shortcut or gesture |
---|---|
Add a bookmark to the Favorites bar | Click the Smart Search field to show the page’s full address and its icon, then drag the icon to the Favorites bar |
Open all bookmarks from a folder in the Favorites bar | Command-click the folder in the Favorites bar |
Move a bookmark on the Favorites bar | Drag the bookmark left or right |
Remove a bookmark from the Favorites bar | Drag the bookmark off the top of the bar |
Bookmarks sidebar and bookmarks view
Mac Commands List
Action | Shortcut or gesture |
---|---|
Show or Hide the Bookmarks sidebar | Control-Command-1 |
Select bookmarks and folders in the sidebar | Command-click each bookmark and folder Shift-click to extend the selection |
Select the next bookmark or folder | Up Arrow or Down Arrow |
Open the selected bookmark | Space bar |
Open the selected folder | Space bar or Right Arrow |
Close the selected folder | Space bar or Left Arrow |
Change the name or address of a bookmark | Select the bookmark, then press Return You can also force click the bookmark |
Cancel editing a bookmark name in the sidebar | Esc |
Finish editing a bookmark name | Return |
Create a folder containing the selected bookmarks and folders in bookmarks view | Option-click the New Folder button near the top-right corner |
Delete a bookmark | Control-click the bookmark, then choose Delete |
See alsoApple Support article: Mac keyboard shortcutsTake screenshots or screen recordings on Mac